Muscle-Inspired Linear Actuators by Electrochemical Oxidation of Liquid Metal Bridges

July 2022

Muscle-Inspired Linear Actuators by Electrochemical Oxidation of Liquid Metal Bridges

Authors:

Jiahe Liao and Carmel Majidi

Abstract:

Progress in artificial muscles relies on new architectures that combine soft matter with transduction mechanisms for converting controlled stimuli into mechanical work. Liquid metal, in particular eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn), is promising for creating an artificial muscle since it is intrinsically deformable and capable of generating significant force and shape change through low voltage stimulation. In this work, a muscle-inspired structure for designing liquid metal actuators is presented, where EGaIn droplets are configured with copper pads to linearly contract. By theory and experiments, it is demonstrated that this design enables higher work densities and stress, making it a favorable actuator at smaller length scales. Furthermore, higher frequency (up to 5 Hz) operation is achieved by prestretching an antagonistic pair of actuators, where energy bistability enables fast-switching actuation. Overall, this muscle-inspired architecture shows a unique combination of low voltage operation, higher energy density at smaller scales, structural scalability, and higher frequency actuation.
@article{Liao-2022-132753,
author = {Jiahe Liao And Carmel Majidi},
title = {Muscle-Inspired Linear Actuators by Electrochemical Oxidation of Liquid Metal Bridges},
journal = {Proceedings of Advanced Science},
year = {2022},
month = {July},
keywords = {Soft Actuators, Liquid Metal Actuators, Liquid Metals, Bioinspired Robotics, Microrobotics},
}
Copyright notice: This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. These works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder.